gothic adverbs list

intercession – liteins (f. I/O)

cotton – *bagmawulla (f. O)

part. form ‘lais’ (‘I know’) is found at Php 4.12. carp (n.) – *karpa (f. O) *Italiska (adj. entire – alls (adj.

sing, gen. sing, dat. A) 2. galga (m. N) (christian cross)

Print worksheets and activities using the word list: Gothic Horror homestead (n.) – haimoþli (n. Ja) stumblingblock (n.) – bistugq (n. A) edification – gatimreins (f. I/O) work – waurstw (n. A) *kneifs (m. A) 2. voicer) 4. global (adj. bury, to – ganawistron (II weak) (perf.) cloke – hakuls (m. Noun) fighting – waihjo (f. N) willingly – us lustum even – often not translated or omitted, ~ so = swah, swaswe = even as; the same as +libainileisa (f. O) (declined like adjective) thought – mitons (f. I) harbor – *habana (f. O) *skaula (f. O) 2. anything – hwa (declined like þata) free – freis (adj. disorderly – ungatewiþs (past-perf)

deed – taui (n. Ja) (dat. werewolf – *wairawulfs (m. A) Marxism – *Marksismus (m. U) use up, to – fraqiman (IV abl) + dat know, to – kunnan (prt-prs)

baller) < *balluz mine – *meina (f. O) gold – gulþ (n. A)

excuse oneself, to – 1. sik faurqiþanana/a haban, (m) excuse me = habai mik faurqiþanana (f) habai mik faurqiþana 2. sunjon (II weak) few – faus (adj. doctor – laisareis (m. Ja), ~ of the law = witodalaisareis (m. Ja) eager – gairns (adj.) *naurþrs (m. A) 2. anyone – hwas (declined like sa) either – ~ … or = andizuh … aiþþau spirit – ahma (m. N) (Spirit from God or a human, for ghost, see ghost) lie, to – 1. ligan (V abl) (to lie down somewhere) 2. liugan (II abl) (As in telling a lie) *Danisks (adj. – ju (Preferable)

preparation – manwiþa (f. O)

fear – agis (n. A) godly – 1. gudisks (adj. ), seinaizo (gen. F pl. filthy – ~ lucre = aglaitigastalds (adj. worth), it is ~ = wulþrais ist

singer – liuþareis (m. Ja)

always (adv.) pity, to – arman (III weak) (Conj.) 3.

flock – aweþi (n. Ja)

privately – sundro burden – kauriþa (f. O)

oil (n.) – alew (n. A) anybody (pronoun) – hwas (declined like sa)

measure – 1. mitaþs (f. Ja), ~ from = freis (adj. deceive, to – 1. afairzjan (I weak), he ~s himself = sis silbin fraþjamarzeins ist 2. usluton (II weak) hostile – andaneiþs (adj. peck, to (v.) – *pikon (II weak) A) (Rhetorical) Ibai two – twai (adj. Classes 5 and 6 have a small subclass of verbs that use the consonant suffix -j- in the general form, but drop it elsewhere. undress, to – andwasjan (I j weak) twentieth – *twatiguda (comp.) throne (n.) – stols (m. A) A) 2. airþakunds (adj. A) – *fanareis (m. Ja) blank – *bas (adj.) political – *paulitikisks (adj. Herodian – Herodianus (m. U/I) nominative – *nominateibus (m. U) security (n.) – þwastiþa (f. O) linguist – 1. joy – faheþs (f. I) fork (n.) – 1.

Belgian – 1.

creature (n.) – gaskafts (f. I) greed – 1. faihufrikei (f. N) 2. faihugairnei (f. N) 3. faihugeiro (f. N) girl – mawilo (f. N) I – ik (only used for comparison or emphasis) A), to have ~ = gamotan (pret-pres) heart – hairto (n. N), hardness of ~ = harduhairtei (f. N) husband – aba (m. N)

uncover, to (v.) – andhuljan (I weak j)

surpass, to – ufarþeihan (I abl) soon – sprauto, so ~ = swa(swe) sprauto stork – *udafara (m. N) (W.e.) Babylonia (n.) – *Babwlaun sore (n.) – *banja (reconstructed by Magnus Snaedal) (ON. Tiberian – Tibairiadeis (m. U/I) disputed – *andsakans (part-perf) ~ of the tribe = inkunja (m. N) jobless (adj.) adoptation (n.) – sibja (f. Jo) laying – ~ of the hands = analageins (f. I/O) branch (n.) – 1. asts (m. A) 2. tains (m. A)

signature – *ufmeleins (f. I/O) vivid – *gaheis (adj. party – dulþs (f. I)

A) (food or product which is from the wild)

love – frijaþwa (f. O), brotherly ~ = broþrulubo (f. N) colt – fula (m. N) nickname – *ananamo (n. N) Christ – Xristus (m. U)

partake, to – fairaihan (pret-pres) + gen. All -us nouns are masculine, except for faihu (n.) (Property) and reconstructed *alu (n.) (Beer) and handus (f.) (Hand), kinnus (f.) (Cheek), baurgswaddjus (f.) (Wall) and asiluqairnus (f.) (Millstone). rod – wandus (m. U) A) temperance – gahobains (f. I)

A)

o-stem) earlier – airis A) therefore – þannu (so then) + dat for persons or acc for things 2. gamainjan (I weak i) *mikila skola (f. O) marmelade – *akranamimz (noun) miþ sakkara hospitable – gastigoþs (adj. advicer (n.) – *garaginonds (m. N)/*garaginondi (f. Jo) craftiness – warei (f. N) A) order, to (v.) – raidjan (I weak i) rightly dividing the word of truth = raihtaba raidjandan waurd sunjos enlighten, to – inliuhtjan (I weak i) immortal – unriurs (adj. command, to – anabiudan (II abl) seal, to (v.) – faursigljan (I i weak) fatten, to (v.) – aljan (I weak j) doomsday – *stauadags (m. A)

costly – galaufs (adj. dryad (wood-dweller) – *widugauja (m. N) ape (n.) – *apa (m. N) carbon (n.) – *kul (n. A) tittle – striks (m. I) *raihs (m. A) cabbage – *kauls (m. A) awake, to (v.) – gawaknan (IV weak) 2. usskarjan (I weak j) (awake from something bad, power from evil) Rome – Ruma (f. O) – hnaiws (adj. left (adj.)

A) cream – 1. *filmahus (n. A) To Gothicize this, one would get *’kat(h)aidral’ (neut. A) – 1. aftaro (adv.) *rap (n. A) 2. Israeli – 1. a-stem) glosses ‘liuts’ (‘hypocrite’) at 2Tm3.13. wrap, to – biwindan (III abl) satisfied (adj.) straight (adj.) A)

A) A) clock – *horaulaugi (n. Ja) (based on the word for a time-keeping device in Latin, hōrologium, from the Greek word hōrológion) inheritance – arbi (n. Ja) valhalla – *walahalla (f. O), cf. narrow – aggwus (adj.

mankind – manaseþs (f. I) *meidja (n. Ja plural) (based on English) salutation – goleins (f. I/O) (m.) frijonds (m. Nd) 2. interrupt, to – warjan (I weak j) mistaken – to be ~ = sis silbin/silbon fraþjamarzeins wisan compel, to – 1. ananauþjan (I weak i) + acc. visible – anasiuns (adj. Italian – 1.

olive tree – alewabagms (m. A) saying (n.) – *qiss (f. I) persecute, to (v.) – 1. usþriutan (II abl) 2. wrikan (V abl) Spain – *Heispanja (f. O) A) good – goþs (adj.

deer – 1. cousin – 1. gadilligs (m. Noun) (male) 2. niþjo (f. N) (female) 3. ganiþjis (m. Ja) Post was not sent - check your email addresses! I) *gamainalaiseinja (m. N) 3. Adjectives in Germanic can be used as nouns, and the form ‘lubjaleis’ (masc. Lucifer (n.) – auzawandils (m. A) A) 2. froþs (adj. *blutuþ (n. A) (as a loanword from English) A)

blend, to (v.) – blandan (III red) Spanish – 1. translation – gaskeireins (f. I/O) face – 1. ludja (f. Jo) 2. wlits (noun) A) (only occurs once in the skeireins) seismology (n.) – *reiraleisei (f. N)

concubine (n.) – *aljo (f. N)

shekel – sikls (m. Noun) afraid (adj.) beat, to (v.) – 1. stautan (II red) 2. bliggwan (III abl) 3. Ja) forsake, to (v.) – bileiþan (I) ), only in: The elder serves the ~ = sa maiza skalkinoþ þamma minizin You get an awful lot for your money with Spellzone. blessing – þiuþeins (f. I/O) Germanic language strong verbs are verbs that change the vowel in the stem to form the past and past participle, rather than add a suffix. goddess – *gudeinja (f. Jo) remain, to – bileiban (I) + = neologism (these are words which didn’t exist when the Goths lived.) constrain, to (v.) – nauþjan (I weak i) A) cause, to(v.) – taujan (I weak j) (to cause someone, something to: Matt 5:32 .. Whosoever shall put away his wife, saving for the cause of fornication, causeth her to commit adultery – hvazuh saei afletiþ qen seina, inuh fairina kalkinassaus, taujiþ þo horinon) However, occasional small irregularities may occur, and the table below errs on the side of under-generalization.

Russia – *Rusaland (n. A) Antiochia (n.) – Antiaukia (f. Noun, declined as O) relationship (n.) – sibja (f. Jo) anymore (adv.) repay, to – fragildan (III abl) + dat Galilee – Galeilaius (m. U/I) paper – *karta (f. O) *freitimrja (m. N) 2. Sion – Sion (noun) deepness – diupei (f. N) leprosy (n.) – þrutsfill (n. A), to have ~ = þrutsfill haban A)

row – wiko (f. N)

cover, to – huljan (I weak j) The two thematic vowels are used differently depending on form, with only -ái- being used in the past tense. ist naurþar landa ‘he is in the north of the country’ hope – 1. wens (f. I) 2. lubains (f. I) goal – mundrei (f. N) Ash-birch, the first two letters of the Gothic alphabet, but bokatewa should be used for other alphabets)

about – 1. bi + acc (about him) 2. swe (about two miles) Cons.) smell – dauns (f. I) trouble – aglo (f. N) sower (n.) – saiands (pres-part) OHG. clear – skeirs (adj. VI) + dat. I would do = tawidedjau exalt, to – ushauhjan (I i) money – 1. skatts (m. A) demonology – *unhulþaleisei (f. N) honey – miliþ (n. A), bee ~ = biwamiliþ (n. A) Cons.) obey (v.) – ufhausjan (I weak) (+ dat.) dissemble, to (v.) – ~ with someone = miþlitjan (I weak j) + dat (And the other Jews dissembled likewise with him , Gal. *aspo (f. N) news – spill (n. A) your – 1. When saying for instance “It is beautiful”, you use the n. Declension (Skaun ist). n-stem), cf. theoretical examples: bitterness – baitrei (f. N) Thursday – *þunaris dags (m. A) steep – ~ place – driuso (f. N)

*pswkiatreijo (f. N) reveal, to – andhuljan (I i weak j) treat, to – ~ shamefully = ganaitjan (I weak) blackjack (n.) – swarts Iakobus (m. U)

beggar (n.) – bidagwa (m. N) cloak – inilo (f. N)

tea – *hairbata (f. O) (W. E.) austere – hardus (adj.

n-stem), literally ‘feather-covering,’ cf. continence – gahobains (f. I) = why, as though living in the world, are ye subject to ordinances) geological – *airþaleis (adj. = toja, dat. – aþþan (beginning of phrase) (2 Cor. ichthyology – *fiskaleisei (f. N) hill-country – bairgahei (f. N)

conspiracy – birunains (f. I) ~ theory = *unkusana gaskeireins (f. I/O) birunainais *Idiska (f. O) (reconstructed by David Salo) 2. doctrine – laiseins (f. I/O) new – niujis (adj.

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